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CIPS L4M7 exam is designed to assess the knowledge and skills of professionals in the field of asset management. L4M7 exam focuses on the concept of whole life asset management, which involves the management of assets throughout their entire life cycle, from acquisition to disposal. L4M7 exam covers a wide range of topics, including asset identification, condition assessment, maintenance strategies, risk management, and disposal strategies.
CIPS L4M7 Certification Exam is a highly respected and recognized certification in the field of asset management. CIPS Whole Life Asset Management certification is recognized globally and is a testament to the holder's knowledge and expertise in asset management. CIPS Whole Life Asset Management certification is highly valued by employers and can enhance career prospects for professionals in the field.
NEW QUESTION # 80
Which of the following is a main objective of just-in-time?
- A. Higher safety stock
- B. Waste reduction
- C. Leveraging economic order quantity
- D. Better demand forecasting
Answer: B
Explanation:
JIT, often referred to as the Toyota production system (TPS), originated in Toyota's manufacturing plants in Japan in the early 1970s. It was first introduced by the organisation's owner, Taiichi Ohno. The prime goal of JIT is the achievement of zero inventories.
The just-in-time objectives of eliminating waste can be summarised in the 'five zeros: zero defects, zero set-up times, zero inventories, zero handling and zero lead times.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 81
MRP software is a powerful tool for managing material requirements of manufacturing processes. To keep the software function well, an organisation must have appropriate input dat a. Which of the following are the inputs of MRP software? Select THREE that apply.
- A. Inventory records
- B. Capacity requirement plan
- C. Payrolls information
- D. Facilities management
- E. Bill of materials
- F. Master production schedule
Answer: A,E,F
Explanation:
A powerful benefit of MRP system is the capacity to produce exception reports, which show deviations from normal planning and performance. These enable anomalies to be investigated with a view to improve future forecasting.
Material requirement planning is an electronic system for combining the following:
- Known demand
- Forecast demand. Known demand and forecasted demand are shown in master production schedule.
- Bill of materials for the final product
- Inventory records
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 82
Which of the following is another name for scheduled (routine) maintenance?
- A. Run to breakdown
- B. Corrective maintenance
- C. Predictive maintenance
- D. Preventative maintenance
Answer: D
Explanation:
There are different types of maintenance that organizations use to increase the uptime of their assets and utility of their facilities. Based on an organization's budget, amount of resources, level of combined experience, and maintenance goals, one or more maintenance types are used.
Proactive types of maintenance
Preventive maintenance
Preventive maintenance is the most popular type of proactive maintenance. To start conducting preventive maintenance tasks (PMs), an organization does not need to purchase new technology if it already has a CMMS. This is not the case with predictive maintenance which requires condition monitoring sensors and new software integrations. However, with preventive maintenance, the or-ganization runs the risk of over-scheduling maintenance tasks because tasks are scheduled based on time rather than actual conditions. That said, preventive maintenance achieves 12% to 18% cost savings over reactive maintenance.
Predictive maintenance
Predictive maintenance (PdM) is what savvy maintenance teams aspire to have or are already im-plementing. The major barrier to PdM is the time it takes to implement rather than the cost of the technology itself. For instance, a vibration sensor that can identify imbalance, misalignment, and resonance issues only costs around $200. But the time it takes to install, integrate with other maintenance software, and adopt a culture around is not time that all organizations are willing to allocate. For those that do allocate the time, PdM provides an 8% to 12% cost savings over preventive maintenance.
Condition-based maintenance
Condition-based maintenance (CBM) is at the core of predictive maintenance but, on its own, does not rely on technology to determine the condition of an asset like PdM does. For instance, a manager may instruct an operator to monitor the condition of an asset and submit a work request when a specific condition is met. This approach may, or may not be, as reliable as predictive maintenance. An organization that has highly-trained operators may spot hazardous conditions better than an organization using PdM technology that doesn't know what to look for.
Scheduled maintenance
Scheduled maintenance includes work that is scheduled on a calendar for completion. The most common type of scheduled maintenance is calendar-based preventive maintenance tasks. These are scheduled well in advance of completion. For instance, an asset with a monthly PM has twelve instances of scheduled maintenance in a given year. However, just because maintenance is scheduled does not mean it's planned. Planned maintenance implies that a maintenance planner or other type of maintenance worker has fully planned for parts, materials, skills, and other resources to be available during the scheduled time window.
Planned maintenance
Planned maintenance is work that's prepared for in advance of it taking place. According to an UpKeep survey, it's also the most popular key performance indicator (KPI) to track. A high planned maintenance percentage indicates that a maintenance team will have resources available to complete work for the time/day the work is scheduled for. Having a high planned maintenance percentage also helps boost other maintenance KPIs like schedule compliance. More planned maintenance means more successful completion of scheduled maintenance.
Routine maintenance
Routine maintenance is a form of time-based maintenance and preventive maintenance, though some organizations differentiate between routine maintenance and preventive maintenance. They use the latter for smaller tasks (i.e. cleaning) performed at higher frequencies (hourly, daily) and the former for larger tasks (i.e. inspections) performed at lower frequencies (weekly, monthly, annually). Additionally, routine maintenance is performed by operators, janitors, and other staff member while preventive maintenance is performed by technicians. Non-routine maintenance includes maintenance that is performed reactively or only when needed based on an asset's conditions.
Reactive types of maintenance
Emergency maintenance
Emergency maintenance occurs when an asset requires immediate attention in order to keep a facility operational or safe. This is the most reactive and intrusive type of maintenance as it pulls technicians away from other jobs and lowers schedule compliance. In extreme circumstances, emergency maintenance can set an organization back days depending on the scope of the repair, available parts, and the asset's level of importance. To reduce the amount of emergency maintenance that is both unplanned and unscheduled, organizations adopt various forms of proactive maintenance.
Corrective maintenance
Corrective maintenance is inherently part of emergency maintenance because, when there is an emergency, something needs corrected or fixed. In this way, corrective maintenance is mostly reactive. However, it can also be proactive. If an asset with a condition monitoring sensor detects an issue, a work order is created and a technician is sent to correct it. Similarly, preventive maintenance is considered corrective maintenance if there is an issue to fix. This is rare though as PMs are often conducted when an asset is in good working order.
Other types of maintenance
Deferred maintenance
Deferred maintenance includes repairs and inspections that are put into a backlog due to limited budget and resources. While deferring maintenance saves money up front, the costs of not performing important maintenance compounds at 7% annually. Rising costs come from fines resulting from missed inspections and unscheduled downtime that brings production to a standstill. By far, deferred maintenance and emergency maintenance are the least desired types of maintenance.
Total productive maintenance
Total productive maintenance (TPM) is the broadest type of maintenance that targets more than the assets that need maintained. It also aims to improve employee satisfaction and overall morale in the workplace, specifically in manufacturing plants. TPM does this by increasing overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and the amount of planned maintenance. More planned work means more workers have the resources they need to do their job, which means higher levels of satisfaction. TPM also leverages machine operators to participate in maintenance and take ownership of their equipment.
Reference:
Types of Maintenance - Upkeep
CIPS study guide page 158-159
LO 3, AC 3.1
NEW QUESTION # 83
Which of the following is the material handling equipment which uses the suction force to lift an item?
- A. Sack truck
- B. Pallet stacker
- C. Vacuum lifter
- D. Dolly
Answer: C
Explanation:
VACUUM LIFTER uses the vacuum pad which attaches itself to a product. The suction force al-lows the product to be lifted (and rotated and placed). Vacuum lifters are used for moving and positioning glass sheets, but are also seen lifting boxes, plastic sacks, sheets of building materials and pipework. Some models feature hydraulic arms which allow easy movement of the lifted load. The lifting system will have a number of sucker pads and vacuum capability which determines the maximum weights and largest items that can be lifted.
DOLLY consists of stack and sets of wheels (either casters or rollers) under the stack that allow the dolly and the heavy object on top of it to move easily and smoothly. For moving in a straight line, rollers is ideal. If you want to move manoeuvrability, dolly with sets of casters will let you swivel and turn.
SACK TRUCK (hand truck) is an L-shaped box-moving handcart. It comprises a small base plat-form with two wheels at the base and a larger vertical structure. A small ledge to set objects on flat against the floor when the sack truck is upright. When moving, the truck and object are then tilted backward based on the vertical structure until the weight is balanced over the large wheels, making otherwise bulky and heavy objects easier to move.
PALLET STACKER is designed to lift and stack pallets. This one is fully mobile so can move easily around the warehouse. An operator would typically sit or stand while driving like a counter-balanced, reach or straddle lift truck.
LO 1, AC 1.3
NEW QUESTION # 84
Manufacturing resources planning (MRP II) was developed from material requirement planning (MRP). Which of the following is the additional input that is available in MRP II but does not ap-pear in MRP?
- A. Master production schedule
- B. Inventory records
- C. Finance
- D. Bill of materials
Answer: C
Explanation:
MRP I was some of the first business software to be widely adopted during the 1970s. Manufacturers sought these systems in order to improve efficiency and accuracy when it came to basic processes such as production scheduling and inventory management.
By the 1980s, manufacturers realized they needed software that could also tie into their accounting systems and forecast inventory requirements. Enter MRP II, which included these integrations in addition to all the capabilities offered by MRP I. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software features-which we'll cover later on-are included in the following table for comparison.
Reference:
- MRP vs. MRP II: What's the Difference?
- CIPS study guide page 118-119
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 85
PPC Refinery (UK) must close down an out-of-date refinery which has very poor environmental performance. The refinery is very sophisticated with many technically complicated machineries, lubricants, coolants and other chemical substances. Decommissioning the refinery is highly risky and hazardous. To manage the decommissioning process well, PPC project team must know these machineries and substances in details. Which document can provide the technical details on the refinery?
- A. Original specifications
- B. Corporate social responsibility policy
- C. Code of Conduct
- D. Non-disclosure agreement
Answer: A
Explanation:
Decommissioning or disposal should start with the original specifications of the assets so that the organisation and supplier can make an appropriate plan. Some specifications also mention the is-sues regarding to end-of-life environmental factors.
Reference:
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 86
Which of the following is often created by each business and commonly used for the purpose of inventory management?
- A. Harmonised system
- B. ISBN
- C. FDA product code
- D. SKU
Answer: D
Explanation:
Organisations often create their own stock keeping unit (SKU) numbering system, which may or may not have a meaningful structure. Stock keeping unit is a number that is assigned to a product for the purpose of inventory management and is of tracking. In other words, a stock keeping unit is a unique identifier assigned to each product for easier and more efficient record keeping.
An FDA (US Food and Drug Administration) product code describes a specific product and contains a combination of five to seven numbers and letters. The product code submitted with each FDA line item should match the actual product name and/or invoice description of the product.
The International Standard Book Number is a numeric commercial book identifier which is in-tended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 87
A retailer wants to improve its service level in inventory management from 95% to 97%. Which of the following is the best course of action?
- A. Expanding replenishment lead time
- B. Decreasing safety stock
- C. Holding more cycle stock
- D. Increasing safety stock
Answer: B
Explanation:
For single items, an extra investment in inventory (higher levels of safety stock) will always in-crease customer service levels. Conversely, higher service levels imply larger quantities of safety stocks and an increased investment in inventory. (Procurement and Supply Chain Management - 9th Edition) Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 88
Which of the following best defines 'exponential moving average'?
- A. A process by which a decision is taken at a period end or review point to determine how much to reorder
- B. A forecasting technique where the average is calculated by dividing the sum of the val-ues by the number of values
- C. A forecasting technique where each demand is multiplied by a weighting factor
- D. A process by which the reorder of an item is triggered by the inventory level dropping to a predetermined level
Answer: C
Explanation:
An exponential moving average (EMA) is a type of moving average (MA) that places a greater weight and significance on the most recent data points. The exponential moving average is also referred to as the exponentially weighted moving average. An exponentially weighted moving average reacts more significantly to recent price changes than a simple moving average (SMA), which applies an equal weight to all observations in the period.
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.3
NEW QUESTION # 89
A manufacturer is making a plan for strategic safety stock. To do so, they must analyse the proba-bility of a stock out occurring and the cost impacts if it does. Which of the following are typical costs the manufacturer may incur in 'out of stock' event? Select TWO that apply.
- A. Costs for qualifying suppliers
- B. Cost of equipment downtime
- C. Costs of handling inventory
- D. Extra costs for urgent transportation
Answer: B,D
Explanation:
Costs of approving the requisition
Explanation:
The costs of stockouts - the costs of being out of inventory - include:
- Loss of production output
- Costs of idle time and of fixed overheads spread over a reduced level of output
- Costs of any action taken to deal with the stockout, such as buying from another stockist at an enhanced price, switching production, obtaining substitute materials
- Loss of customer goodwill due to the inability to supply or late delivery.
(Procurement and Supply Chain management - 9th Edition, K.
Lysons and B. Farrington, 2016) LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 90
Do all types of warehouses require access to daylight to reduce the cost of electricity?
- A. No, because only ventilation can help to reduce the humidity in the warehouse
- B. No, because some types of stock are sensitive to sunlight
- C. Yes, because sunlight sterilises inventories in damp conditions
- D. Yes, because organisation's need for artificial lighting and heating will reduce
Answer: B
Explanation:
The design of a building should consider the advantages of natural light as this can reduce the cost of artificial lighting and improve the environmental performance of the building. Daylight entering the building can also help reduce heating costs. Unfortunately some stocks react badly to direct sunlight, and some stock reacts badly to extreme of temperature or may require a specific temperature for storage. Some stock may require a warmer temperature than the ambient temperature and other stocks may require cooler temperature. For example, fabric and garment are sensitive to direct sunlight as ultraviolet light catalyses a reaction between the water present in all fabrics and atmospheric oxygen to create hydrogen peroxide. This is a bleaching agent and breaks down the chemical bonds that give dyes their colour.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 91
International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a unique international identification system for each product form or edition of a monographic publication published or produced by a specific publisher. ISBN is an example of...?
- A. Harmonized system
- B. Own product code system
- C. Industry standard code
- D. Check digit
Answer: C
Explanation:
The International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is a numeric commercial book identifier which is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. ISBN is standardised by ISO 2108:2017. ISBN is an example of industry standard code as it applies to commercial books around the world.
Check digits are additional numbers or characters added to codes that a computer uses to verify the number is valid. The intention is to reduce the likelihood of miskeying an item and hitting an alternative live item. More often, a system is devised which a computer can calculate using combination of numbers.
Own product code system: an organisation will use its own product code system. This has the ad-vantage that the organisation can construct a code that is effective and fits with its software and variety of items covered.
The Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System, also known as the Harmonized System (HS) of tariff nomenclature is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers to classify traded products. It came into effect in 1988 and has since been developed and maintained by the World Customs Organization (WCO) (formerly the Customs Co-operation Council), an independent intergovernmental organization based in Brussels, Belgium, with over 200 member countries.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 92
Which one of the following statements is true about radio frequency identification (RFID)?
- A. RFID tags require laser scanning.
- B. An active RFID tag does not require a power source
- C. A passive RFID tag does not use an antenna
- D. Normally passive RFID tags store ID numbers
Answer: D
Explanation:
Radio frequency identification (RFID) are items which use radio technology to identify itself and its location subject to having appropriate hardware and software.
RFID tags are made of three different components: an RFID chip, which is an integrated circuit (IC), an antenna, and a substrate.
A RFID Reader is a device that uses radio-frequency waves to wirelessly transfer data between itself and a RFID tag/label in order to identify, categorize and track assets. When combined with the right RFID software, a RFID reader can identify objects quicker, more accurately, at a reduced overall cost, and at various points of the object's lifecycle.
Passive RFID systems use tags with no internal power source and instead are powered by the electromagnetic energy transmitted from an RFID reader. Passive RFID tags are used for applica-tions such as access control, file tracking, race timing, supply chain management, smart labels, and more.
Active RFID systems have three essential parts - a reader or interrogator, antenna, and a tag. Ac-tive RFID tags possess their own power source - an internal battery that enables them to have ex-tremely long read ranges as well as large memory banks.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 93
Bulk loose coal that requires massive handling system should be stored in which area?
- A. Stockyard
- B. Chill hub
- C. Store
- D. Heating warehouse
Answer: A
Explanation:
Materials that will not easily deteriorate, are generally stored in open or fairly covered areas (stockyard). The materials are usually in bulk, like steel plates or coils casting, timber coal, steel barrels, cable drums, piping, lampposts, lorries, etc.
Stockyards are open or semi-covered areas that are used for the following:
- Bulk loose or packaged materials
- Bulky or oversized items that may be difficult to move inside
- Materials that may require specialised handling, loading or unloading Below image shows the example of a stockyard that stores loose coal and its handling system.
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 94
When using ABC analysis to classify inventory, which factors must be considered?
1. Demand uncertainty of each item
2. Cumulative percentage of items
3. Cumulative percentage usage value of items
4. Overall inventory turnover
- A. 2 and 4 only
- B. 1 and 3 only
- C. 2 and 3 only
- D. 1 and 4 only
Answer: C
Explanation:
ABC analysis is applied to stock and its management. It is based loosely on the Pareto principles, better known as 80/20 rule. Pareto principle is the theory that 80% of outcome results from 20% of inputs. For example, 80% of sales are to the top 20% of customers; 80% of spend on inventory is accounted for by the top 20% of stock items.
The ABC concept is based on Pareto's law. The following steps are carried out for the ABC analy-sis.
- Step 1: Compute the annual usage value for every item in the sample by multiplying the annual requirements by the cost per unit.
- Step 2: Arrange the items in descending order of the usage value calculated above.
- Step 3: Make a cumulative total of the number of items and the usage value.
- Step 4: Convert the cumulative total of the number of items and usage values into a percentage of their grand totals.
- Step 5: Draw a graph connecting cumulative % items and cumulative % usage value. The graph is divided approximately into three segments, where the curve sharply changes its shape. This indicates the three segments A, B and C.
LO 2, AC 2.1
NEW QUESTION # 95
A supermarket calculates that the average holding cost for an item is $1.50 per cubic meter per day. A beer pallet which has volume of 0.5 cubic meter will be stored for 5 days. What is the holding cost of this beer pallet?
- A. $4.00
- B. $4.50
- C. $4.25
- D. $3.75
Answer: D
Explanation:
The holding cost per day of the beer pallet is equal to 1.50/2=0.75
The beer pallet is stored for 5 days, the total holding cost is: 0.75*5=3.75.
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 96
Which type of codes can a barcode laser scanner (linear scanner) read?
- A. Aztec code
- B. Numerical code
- C. 1D barcode
- D. QR code
Answer: C
Explanation:
One-dimensional (or 1D) barcodes systematically represent data by varying the widths and spac-ings of parallel lines. These include some of the most traditional and well-recognized barcode types, such as the UPC and EAN codes. 1D barcodes are also commonly referred to as linear barcodes.
Two-dimensional (2D) barcodes look like squares or rectangles that contain many small, individual dots. QR codes, Data matrix and Aztec codes are examples of 2D barcodes Numerical code contains all numbers, no letters There are two different scan engine types (laser scanner versus imager) for interpreting the infor-mation provided in the barcode. Many companies producing the technology capable of reading the barcode data uses the term "scanning" regardless of the type of scan engine used. For the purposes of these FAQs, we are trying to draw a clearer distinction for you.
Linear (1D) codes can be scanned with a traditional laser scanner. A laser scan engine uses a laser and mirror to create the bar that scans the information. 1D barcode scanners will only interpret the linear barcode scanning technology. 1D barcode scanners are typically less expensive since the type of encryptions they can decode is limited.
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 97
Which of the following correctly describes the triple bottom line?
- A. People, Planet, Profit
- B. Professional, Planet, Profit
- C. People, Product, Profit
- D. People, Planet, Project
Answer: A
Explanation:
The triple bottom line is a sustainability framework that examines a company's social, environment, and economic impact (or People, Planet, Profit).
Reference:
- 25 Years Ago I Coined the Phrase "Triple Bottom Line." Here's Why It's Time to Rethink It.
- CIPS study guide page 202
LO 3, AC 3.3
NEW QUESTION # 98
Can RFID tags work when they are attached to metal surfaces or embedded within metal products?
- A. Yes, some technologies allow RFID tags to work on metal or within metal products
- B. No, metal surface reflects the radio wave and thus interferes the operations of RFID tags
- C. Yes, all RFID tags can be used in every environmental conditions
- D. No, RFID tags only work with plastic products
Answer: A
Explanation:
Mounting or embedding RFID tags on metal can be tricky. Metal surfaces reflect energy emitted from RFID readers and create interference for RFID tag antennas, which means the tag isn't able to receive power and transmit information; however, specific RFID tags will work around metal sur-faces. RFID companies have patented technology that allows RFID to work when attached to metal surfaces and even embedded within metal products. As long as you choose the correct RFID equipment for your environment and application, you won't need to worry about interference from metal.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.2
NEW QUESTION # 99
A logistics company has a 2-story warehouse in the suburban are
a. The goods receiving area and dispatch area are located on the ground floor only. There is a lift connecting the two floors. The daily operations of the warehouse are quite busy. Which of the following would the best arrangement for this warehouse?
- A. Forklifts and other warehouse equipment will park on the ground floor, all inventories will be stored on the first floor
- B. Small items in tote boxes will be stored on the ground floor with forklifts and other equipment, high-usage palletised items will be stored on the first floor
- C. Medium- to low-usage palletised items will be stored on the ground floor, high-usage items will be stored on the first floor where the building administrative office is located
- D. Pallets, roller cages and other bulky items will be stored on the ground floor, smaller items in plastic tote boxes will be stored on the first floor
Answer: D
Explanation:
The purposes of a warehouse are to keep the inventories in good condition and to ensure that the operations is smooth. In the scenario, the warehouse has 2 stories, with goods-in and goods-out areas located on the ground floor and a lift connecting the stories. The lift could become a bottleneck if the goods inside the warehouse are not well-arranged.
Since the lift is often small with limited load capacity, putting heavy bulk items on the first floor will cause bottleneck and increase the chance of accidents. Therefore, palletised items (even they have low-usage) should be placed on the ground floor. Smaller and lighter items should be stored on the first floor.
Reference:
LO 1, AC 1.1
NEW QUESTION # 100
Among different types of costs associated with inventory, the opportunity cost of the investment tied up in inventory belongs to which of the following?
- A. Holding costs
- B. Purchase price
- C. Costs of stockouts
- D. Acquisition costs
Answer: A
Explanation:
Direct and indirect costs of holding inventory include the following:
- Acquisition costs
- Holding costs: There are 2 different types of holding costs: costs related to the value of the goods (including opportunity costs, costs of insurance, losses due to product deterioration, etc) and costs related to the physical characteristics of this inventory.
- Costs of stockouts
Reference:
LO 2, AC 2.2
NEW QUESTION # 101
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